GCC economies and their role in the world economy Research Paper

GCC economies and their job on the planet economy - Research Paper Example The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was shaped on May 26, 1981. The GCC is an association explicitly framed to join the Arab oil creating nations. Its significant activity edge is toward the southern locales of Asian landmass. GCC is comprised of six dynamic Arabian nations that include the Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain and Qatar. Be that as it may, some new applications for participation have been gotten from other oil delivering Arabian nations like Jordan and Morocco. The goals of GCC are to join the part states with the point of fitting shares of oil on the planet advertise. The individuals share a few factors practically speaking among them religion, political structures, climatic conditions and common assets. The association additionally tries to facilitate and advance monetary profitability of the part states (Mohammed, 2011). The association additionally plans to support training, medicinal services, business and exchange among the part states. Saud i Arabia Saudi Arabia in the perspectives on Mohammed (2011) structures four-fifths of the whole GCC. Other than being an individual from the GCC, Saudi Arabia is likewise an individual from Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Saudi Arabia has been casted a ballot the world’s biggest oil hold among the OPEC and the GCC part states. Truth be told, oil creation is the foundation of all the monetary divisions in Saudi Arabia. Appraisals show that 33% of the all out oil delivered by the OPEC originates from Saudi Arabia (Mohammed, 2011). Oil creation in Saudi Arabia every day gauges at around 10 million barrels. Because of gigantic oil holds that invade cash to the nation, Saudi Arabia appreciates an expanded economy with a lot of creation enterprises that have extended employment opportunities to its residents and the total populace when all is said in done. The oil division has added to the advancement of different ventures, for example, petrochemicals, co mposts and steel fabricating enterprises that helped the fare results of the nation. Mohammed (2011) includes that Saudi Arabia has exceeded expectations in the creation of dates and in any event, turning into the world’s best maker of dates. Saudi Arabia likewise has extended angling grounds and a great deal of cash has been dared to modernize and advance ocean angling exercises. In 1998, OPEC sliced Saudi Arabia’s worldwide flexibly standard to 8 million barrels for each day. The inconvenience of the share prompted critical fall on the country’s complete pay. Media communications venture (% incomes) in Saudi Arabia In the reports of World Bank, telecom speculations income in Saudi Arabia arrived at 84.12% in 2008. Media transmission speculations are consumptions related with buying the responsibility for hardware foundations including land, building, work and PC programming. Source; Trading Economics, 2011 Current measurements on the planet oil showcase show t hat Saudi Arabia can possibly expand its oil infusion by extra 2.5 million barrels per day (Daya, 2011). Such an infusion can help oil flexibly on the planet showcase and even facilitate the world vitality emergency. Oil

Coastal Erosion on Essex Coast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Beach front Erosion on Essex Coast - Essay Example Consumption on coasts has ascended to shield the coast from further exhaustion just as protecting close by homes from flooding. Individuals have pursued for a long time to control disintegration by the grating powers of the sea. In the accompanying sections, I will delineate a portion of the purposes behind the disintegration of worldwide coastlines. At that point, find will break down the sorts of ocean resistances that can secure coastlines. At that point we will assess which ocean safeguard is will help Clacton on Essex coast. Waterfront disintegration is the neighborhood loss of beach front landmass because of characteristic procedures, for example, waves, winds and tides, or even because of human obstruction. There are numerous reasons why there is a disintegration occurs on coastland. A less complex explanation is on the grounds that the beating of waves that influence the shoreline day by day (for example Elevated tide and low tide.) The normal causes, for example, storms, typhoons, instanteous floods toward the shore can change the type of the shore. Huge tempest produced waves frequently cause beach front disintegration, which may appear as long haul misfortunes of dregs and rocks, or simply in the transitory redistribution of seaside residue. Disintegration in one area may bring about gradual addition close by. On rough drifts, beach front disintegration can bring about emotional stone developments in regions where the coastline contains stones with a plenty of protections from disintegration. The g entler zones of a sea shore will be disintegrated a lot quicker than the harder ones, which can bring about ordinary basic land masses, for example, burrows, scaffolds, sections, and columns. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_erosion) Some imply the temperature change of the atmosphere because of a worldwide temperature alteration may add to disintegration. As the planet's temperature rises, the ice tops in the north and south start to soften and brings about higher ocean levels. The expanded in temperature is do to emanations of carbon dioxide into the air. The planetary atmosphere framework shifts through normal, inward procedures and because of varieties in outside components including sun powered radiation, volcanic outflows, and human multiplied ozone depleting substances. The point by point reasons for the ongoing warming stay a functioning field of research, yet the logical examinations demands that expanded degrees of ozone harming substances because of human movement as the primary segment. This attribution is most clear for the latest fifty years, for which the most itemized information are accessible. Standing out from this view, different speculations have been proposed to clarify a portion of the watched increment in worldwide temperatures, including: the warming is inside the scope of regular variety; the warming is an outcome of coming out of an earlier cool period, specifically the Little Ice Age; or the warming is basically an aftereffect of fluctuations in sun based radiation, higher ocean levels will fortify the uprooting of residue and can influence waterfront environments. Also, dry spells can make vegetation bite the dust. At the point when the vegetation passes on, the land is free in light of the fact that the roots no longer can hold together the ground since it is rotting. In this way, beach front disintegration can without much of a stretch evacuate and dissolve the dry land mass. Besides, flooding has been for a considerable len gth of time a significant issue for occupants dwelling close to shores. In addition to the fact that water destroys property or consecrated materials, however it can behead homes and undermine life. Waterfront disintegration influences homes, the travel industry, and organizations. At the point when many settle in a waterfront zone, they start building homes. At that point, if that zone has a vacation destination,

AP Lang College Board Synthesis Essay Student Samples

AP Lang College Board Synthesis Essay Student SamplesThis year, the AP Lang College Board has brought in more student samples to help students with writing their own writing samples for college essays. Students are being given some interesting choices to use to spice up their papers. To make it a little more fun, some sample AP College Board assignments have been submitted by students, which you can use for your own college writing.There are two types of AP College Board Essay Student Samples, and these are the two most common types of college essay you'll find. Students will choose from the following choices: Grammar and Style Essay and the Critical Essay. You might not know what exactly a 'critical essay' is, but it's something like a critical essay in a regular essay, except with a college essay, of course. The sentence fragments, examples, argument structures, and fact patterns are similar, but the essay will be much longer than a normal essay.Students will also need to know abou t basic grammar and style in order to write an effective college essay. Although there is many AP College Board Essay Student Samples that provides sample grammar and style essays, most papers don't actually follow these guidelines. They have been carefully chosen so that they are not too complicated and so that students will learn more about writing a great essay, instead of trying to shoehorn things into the document.Grammar and Style Essay Student samples do a nice job of allowing students to enter their own creativity into the grammar and style of the paper. The students will want to write according to the guidelines set out by the AP Grammar and Style Essay Student Sample, but they won't be forced to do so. This means that students will be able to use their own unique style when writing their own essay, instead of copying others.The Critical Essay is probably the easiest to follow because the guidelines are very simple and they simply state the different points that need to be made in the college essay on a very common essay topic. Students will also find this format to be very helpful since they can easily write it down and rewrite it if they encounter difficulties with their writing.It should be noted that these are not official AP essay student samples. They are merely provided as examples of writing styles to help students come up with their own unique essay. There are also no strict rules to writing a college essay.As long as the main topic of the college essay is written down, and the rules for writing a college essay are followed, then you should be all right. You may even find yourself coming up with a completely original approach to writing a college essay, since there are a lot of different techniques and genres to write with.If you find that you are struggling in your college essay writing, do not get discouraged. Use one of the sample AP College Board Essay Student Samples so that you can brush up on your writing skills and maybe come up with a better essay for your college applications.

The Ban On Tobacco Advertising - 987 Words

On Feb 6, 2001, Government of India announced a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. Summarize the arguments for the ban on tobacco advertising in India. Advocates of free choice opposed to these prohibitions, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state into the private lives of its citizens. Supporters stay countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco accounted for over 3 million deaths in 1990, the figure rising to 4.023 million deaths in 1998. It was estimated that tobacco-related deaths would increase to 8.4 million in 2020 and 10 million in about 2030. However, a study on tobacco consumption and employment showed that effective policies to reduce smoking were likely to increase, and not decrease employment. The reason for this was that when people stopped smoking, the money did not disappear from the economy. It was spent on other goods and services, which the study showed, were more labor intensive. A World Bank report had pointed out that policymakers who wanted to control tobacco should be aware of the fact that bans on advertising and promotion would prove effective, only if they were comprehensive covering all media and all uses of brandShow MoreRelatedThe Ban Of The Tobacco Advertising1084 Words   |  5 Pageswhen looking at the Indian Government’s deliberation over tobacco marketing and the usage of tobacco impacting their economy and population. The Government of India proposed bans on tobacco advertising leading to arguments for and against, it is however important to analyze both sides those in favor an those against, and any conflicts of interest that may be involved. Taking a closer look at those in favor of the tobacco advertising bans there are several factors to be considered. The GovernmentRead MoreThe Tobacco Advertising Ban951 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the arguments which support the placing of the tobacco advertising ban in India are:  · Some might feel that people’s freedom of choice is being affected by this ban imposed by the government but it could also be argued the state should be able to intervene in a situation where its subordinates’ health is at risk, just like a father looks after his underage baby who is not aware of what is good or harmful for him. The country’s government would be doing what is best for its citizensRead MoreBan On Advertising For Tobacco Smoking901 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to a ban on advertising for tobacco smoking. On Feb 6, 2001, the Government of India announced they would impose a ban on advertising for tobacco smoking. Healthcare reports identified smoking tobacco was the leading cause of preventable deaths. Smoking tobacco caused cancer, lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The increase in illness and death related to tobacco smoking prompted the Indian Government to propose a ban o f all formsRead MoreThe Ban of Tobacco Advertising in India757 Words   |  3 Pages(GOI) announces a bill about banning Tobacco companies from advertising their product and sponsoring sport and cultural events. The bill mission is to reduce consumption of tobacco products. This paper is based on information provided by the case study and is divided into four section. The first section summarizes arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India. The second section summarizes arguments in opposition of the ban on tobacco advertising in Indian. The third sections discussRead MoreThe Ban Of Tobacco Product Advertising947 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The topic of marketing, tobacco, and ethics is a fantastic topic to stimulate conversations on ethics in general. In 2001 India considered the banning of tobacco product advertising which led to a huge debate in ethics, marketing and the role of government. The many deaths and lives touched negatively by tobacco while corporate entities have gotten rich is a battle ground rich with examples and research. I personally am an ex-smoker and smoked for over 15 years of my life before IRead MoreThe Ban On Advertising Tobacco Products885 Words   |  4 PagesThe ban put on advertising tobacco products in India has caused a lot of debates. Some say it violates the constitution, others say it saves lives. Each side sets a valid argument, but which side is right? These bans do not only exist in India. They have been put into action in many different countries as well. Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year, averaging at about half of all smokers. (W.H.O.-Facts) I think that everyone is aware of how bad tobacco use is for your health. What peopleRead MoreIndia s Ban On Tobacco Advertising849 Words   |  4 PagesIndia in 2001 proposed a ban on tobacco advertisement in an effort to curb tobacco use with adolescents. It was met with sharp criticism from the tobacco industry. However, some saw it as a great move by the government in looking after the welfare of its citizens. I hope to explore in the essay each side’s voice as well as deal with the myriad of issues the government faced upon the bans proposal. Lastly I will give my opinion on what position the government should take. One the main arguments forRead MoreBan The Tobacco Industry From Advertising812 Words   |  4 Pagesto ban the tobacco industry from advertising. These countries decided it was ethically in their best interest to establish these laws in attempts to curtail the youth from smoking, and to slow down the growing health crisis. Protecting the well-being of their citizens was their responsibility; that was the rationale that were explained to these citizens. Arguments have been made on each side of the spectrum if these bans are viable to the stated purpose. India is very popular for tobacco productionRead MoreBan Tobacco Advertising Is The Right Move909 Words   |  4 PagesIndia proposed a bill that would place a ban on tobacco ads to discourage the use of tobacco products among the teenagers. This decision gave rise to a huge debate about the ethical responsibility of the government on the use of tobacco products. In this analytical essay, the arguments of the proponents that are both in favor and opposed to the ban will be summarized, while discussing the conflict of interest that exists among the government and the tobacco companies. Lastly, final thoughts and opinionsRead MoreBan Tobacco Advertising Is The Right Move908 Words   |  4 PagesIndia proposed a bill that would place a ban on tobacco ads to discourage the use of tobacco products among the teenagers. This decision gave rise to a huge debate about the ethical responsibility of the government on the use of tobacco products. In this analytical essay, the arguments of the proponents that are both in favor and opposed to the ban will be summarized, while discussing the conflict of interest that exists among the government and the tobacco companies. Lastly, final thoughts and opinions

Macbeth - Conflict Essay - 1468 Words

quot;Conflict is central to the dramatic development of any play.quot; Prior to deciding whether or not conflict is central to the dramatic development of MACBETH, one must consider all the dramatic factors that contribute to the Shakespearean play. The gradual decline of the protagonist , the role portrayed by characters and the order in which the events occur, greatly influence the direction in which the development of the play takes place. After reading the text MACBETH, by Shakespeare and viewing the film version, directed by Roman Polanski, it is logical to see that ambition and the deceptive appearances of what really is, is central to the dramatic development of†¦show more content†¦Take Lady Macbeths first invocation to darkness in Act I, Scene V: quot;Come, thick Night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of Hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor Heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, To cry, Hold, hold!quot; This vividly illustrates the imagery used in MACBETH and is interpreted to mean that night equals evil, as does Hell, which is not necessarily correct. This also implies that darkness is necessary for the carrying out of Duncans murder. Meaning the blanket that covers him affords no protection in the darkness against the evil deed and the cry envisions the imaginary voice which MACBETH hears as he murders Sleep. This encompasses the central action of the play, murder. On the night MACBETH brutally kills the King of Scotland, Banquo fearful of his own cursed thoughts observes that: quot;Theres husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out.quot; (Act II, Scene I) The darkness itself, which is ironically equated with Heaven, but seemingly appropriate for the acts of Hell, provides the natural cover for the unnatural murder. MACBETH in the same scene, refers to the fact that Nature seems dead, symbolically representing what Duncan is soon to be. Another continuance of imagery is the clothes sequence, relating to deceptive appearances to gain MACBETHs ambition by hiding the truth. This begins with MACBETHs borrowed robes and has its centralShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Conflicts1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Conflicts in Macbeth In literature, a struggle between two opposing forces is called a conflict. Conflicts in literature move the plot along and keep the audience interested. Conflict is used by Shakespeare in almost all of his plays. He uses multiple conflicts leading to the major conflict in his plays. Conflict is introduced in the rising action, faced head on in the climax, starts to work itself out in the falling action and then is resolved in the resolution. In William Shakespeare s playRead MoreMacbeth - Conflict1586 Words   |  7 PagescenterbConflict is central to the dramatic development of any play./b/center br brPrior to deciding whether or not conflict is central to the dramatic development of MACBETH, one must consider all the dramatic factors that contribute to the Shakespearean play. The gradual decline of the protagonist , the role portrayed by characters and the order in which the events occur, greatly influence the direction in which the development of the play takes place. After reading the text MACBETH, by ShakespeareRead MoreMacbeth essay conflicts772 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay The notorious Shakespearean play Macbeth illustrates a natural evil and greed for power present in the human race. Even in modern times, society relates to Macbeth as people are consistently striving for a higher rank and power. Sometimes, people are even prepared to get into difficult situations to achieve their goals, and this gives rise to conflicts. There are three main types of conflict present in the Macbeth play: man vs man, man vs nature, and man vs self. The most prominentRead MoreOf Mice and Men and Macbeth Conflict1902 Words   |  8 PagesTexts that deal with the theme of conflict make us think. Conflict is the centre of all dramatic development in the three texts I will be discussing. These are Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, and O Brother Where Art Thou’, directed by Joel Coen. There are many forms of conflict expressed in these texts. These include both emotional and physical conflict. Conflict has been brought about in many ways throughout these texts. Most of which has been fuelled by innerRead MoreOf Mice And Men And Macbeth Conflict Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesTexts that deal with the theme of conflict make us think. Conflict is the centre of all dramatic development in the three texts I will be discussing. These are Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, and O Brother Where Art Thou’, directed by Joel Coen. There are many forms of conflic t expressed in these texts. These include both emotional and physical conflict. Conflict has been brought about in many ways throughout these texts. Most of which has been fuelled by innerRead MoreInternal Conflict Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1696 Words   |  7 Pages Internal conflict is represented throughout Macbeth following his descent from hero to decapitated tyrant. In Act I.vii Macbeth is debating with himself whether to kill the king or not which reveals internal conflict between his virtue and his hamartia, ambition. He says, â€Å"that we but teach bloody instructions, which being taught, return to plague the inventor†, this shows Macbeth focusing on the practicalities of killing Duncan rather than the ethics or morality of it, he is more worried of theRead MoreConflict with Macbeth and World War 1 Poetry2014 Words   |  9 PagesDuring this essay I am going to write about the many diverse ways in which conflict is presented in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Wilfred Owen’s Poetry of World War 1. I will be comparing the ways in which Macbeth and 3 poems written by Owen; Mental Cases, The Next War and Dulce Et Decorum Est, link with each other. Macbeth is a play written in 1606 by Shakespeare who wrote plays to en tertain his audience. On the other hand, Owen was a soldier in World War 1 when he wrote famous poems; he wroteRead MoreMacbeth as a Play About the Conflict Between Good and Evil Essay2248 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth as a Play About the Conflict Between Good and Evil Macbeth is a tragedy, which addresses the inner conflict of peoples morality. Furthermore, it appears Shakespeares intention was to portray the modern day attitudes towards religion and the supernatural of his time. Indeed, the Elizabethan audience the play was written for would have been devout Christians, and would have had strict beliefs towards good and evil. The audience was genuinely afraid of evil,Read MoreTheme Of Conflict In Macbeth842 Words   |  4 PagesConflict is a major theme in countless stories, but the ones used in Macbeth particularly striking. Throughout the play there are three main conflicts, internal and external, obvious and subtle. for any story to succeed it needs conflict, the driving force behind any plot. But Shakespeares artful use of it, along with the dark and striking imagery captivated audiences and its first showing and still does today, hundreds of years later. At first Macbeth struggles against his and vision and greed

Food Insecurity Essay - 1072 Words

Food Insecurity Nutrition is important for healthy life. Many people are still hungry around the world even though there is mass production of food. This is because of unhealthy food production. In today’s world we see many obese people because of high intake of high fat and cholesterol containing food. It is important to have a healthy diet/ nutritional intake for individuals to have good foundation for physical and mental health. Now a day’s healthy food is getting more expensive rather than unhealthy food. Poor people are forced to eat unhealthy food, while the rich can afford to eat whatever the please. Food insecurity is caused by individuals not having healthy food for their families due to their low income or political and†¦show more content†¦Even in developed country like The United States of America food security is a major problem. In the article â€Å"Association of Household and Community Characteristics with Adult and Child Food Insecurity among Mexican-Origin Households in Colonias along the Texas-Mexico Border† author Sharkey et.al supports that over population of Mexicans, living in colonies along the Texas - Mexico border causes food insecurity. Because of the Overpopulation on the texas-mexico border there is low availability of healthy food, causing people to eat junk food which lacks of nutritional value, and has high amount of sugar, fat, cholesterol. Food insecurity causes health issues such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and early mortality among young single mothers. According to author Christine A. Stevens young single mothers are affected by food insecurity in two ways â€Å"first, the stress of food insecurity can lead to compounding issues of depression for this mother, second, food choice.† Factors that assist these problems are socioeconomic status and the ability to obtain adequate nutrition. These young single mothers do not have enough money to give nutritional food to their families. With limited m oney they do not have a choice for nutritional food and according to Stevens are forced to buy â€Å"inexpensive, high fat, high carbohydrates food† (Stevens 163). InShow MoreRelatedFood Insecurity And Measurements Used1681 Words   |  7 PagesFood Insecurity and Measurements Used To understand food insecurity, one first needs to grasp the concept of food security. Food security is present when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and healthy food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy lifestyle.1 So, food insecurity is when this source of healthy nutritious food is limited or unattainable, causing food deprivation and malnutrition.1 Food insecurity is a phenomenonRead MoreFactors of Food Insecurity557 Words   |  2 PagesFood Insecurity is defined as access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life, and at a minimum includes the following: the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods and the assured ability to acquire personally acceptable foods in a socially acceptable way, qualified by their involuntariness and periodicity. Even though food insecurity affects everyone in the household, it may also affect them differently. Food inse curity mostly exists whenever foodRead MoreThe Problem Of Food Insecurity Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesFood insecurity has been affecting the US population as about more than 23 million Americans, including 6.5 million children, live in low-income urban and rural neighborhoods that are more than a mile from a supermarket. These communities are much known since they lack access to affordable, nutritious food. Vault and healthy food should be affordable; policy or a plan that would improve our food supply or the health of the population should be put into consideration in order to enhance the AmericanRead MoreEnvironmental Scarcity And Food Insecurity786 Words   |  4 PagesA. According to the FAO estimation, there are 840 million undernourished people in the world, and 95% of them are from developing countries. B. Environmental scarcity and food insecurity are critical factors that intensify the issue of malnutrition among people in most developing countries. C. d. Evidence health issue: - protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to a form of malnutrition where there is lack of calories and protein intake. There are two kinds of PEM: the nutritional edema andRead MoreFood Insecurity At The United States Essay825 Words   |  4 Pageswere food insecure? (Feeding America, 2016) Additionally, household with children reported higher rates of food insecurity compared to households without children. According to new research, a great proportion of college students are suffering from food insecurity (Hughes et al., 2011; Patton-Lopez et al., 2014). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, food insecurity is defined by â€Å"the state of being without reliable access to sufficient quantity of affordable nutritious food† (2015)Read MoreFood Insecurity Among The Aging Population765 Words   |  4 Pagesthe level of food insecurity among the aging population. In 2012 15.3% of the aging faced a threat of food insecurity. Further from 2001 to 2012 there was a 44% increase in the aging population experiencing hunger (Ziliak Gundersen, 2013). In 2008 8.1% of households with an elderly individual living in the residence were food insecure, and 8.8% of the elderly living alone were food insecure (Coleman-Jenson, Nord, Andrews, Carlson, 2009). After a dip in 2010 rates of food insecurity among the agingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hunger And Food Insecurity878 Words   |  4 PagesThe tragedy of hunger and food insecurity is the vast amount of food waste that takes places all around the country. May it be over production of food for a college or university or buying fresh fruits and veggies and letting them go bad before consumption. In order to combat the ongoing issue of food waste, as it relates directly to hunger, we first need to be informed to what is happening. Wasting food may be a habit that many people do not know they take part in. In all reality how many collegeRead MoreFood Insecurity in Aging Society1627 Words   |  7 Pa gesSection I. Food Insecurity Aging Society: The United States is experiencing social issues related to food insecurity and hunger. Current research states that older adults are especially vulnerable to food insecurity. In a study published in the Journal of Urban Health states, â€Å"Among the 14.6% of American households experiencing food insecurity, approximately 2 million are occupied by older adults† (Chung, Gallo, Giunta, Canavan, Parikh, Fahs, 2011, p. 1). Since the year 2011 the Athens CommunityRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Food Deserts And Food Insecurity Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Determinants of Food Deserts and Food Insecurity Diverse groups in American society are often the most marginalized and therefore the most vulnerable to issues that undermine the fair and uncomplicated pursuit of health and wellbeing. One of those issues is the lack of access to affordable healthy food and, in many cases, the inaccessibility to food in general. Areas where affordable and healthy foods are largely unavailable are called food deserts and the members of the diverse groupsRead MoreThe Food Insecurity And Poverty1393 Words   |  6 Pagestheir food insecurity and poverty such as climate volatility and also ways to fix or help the situation that Madagascar citizens go through day to day. It is well known that many african countries are under food insecurity and poverty. What is food insecurity? â€Å"Food Insecurity-The state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.† (Google Definition) Each year more and more people die because they can’t afford ,or find w ays to obtain enough food to provide

Global Vs Local Brand Positioning Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Global Vs Local Brand Positioning Strategies. Answer: Introduction: Depending on the customer preferences and the variables those shape their purchasing decisions, the modern day companies need to design their marketing strategies. In the travel industry customer segmentation can be done with various factors. The Roy Morgan value segments provide an innovative market segmentation pattern. In this report, the author has chosen the PO Cruises to identify two suitable customer segments mentioned in the Roy Morgan value segments system. He has divided the report in three parts. In the beginning, the theory of the Roy Morgan value segments has been discussed. Next, the suitable positioning and marketing strategy have been mentioned for selected two market segments. Then, the author has concluded the report with a summary of the discussion. Background of the company: The PO Cruises is the oldest cruise line having its operation in 19th century as the first commercial passenger ship. It is a subsidiary of the Carnival Corporation plc. Having headquarter in the UK, the company operates eight ships with the passenger capacity of 14, 970 (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The company owns 5% market share of all cruise lines worldwide. Operating since 1837, the company is experiencing success till today. The latest vassal named MV Britannia joined the company in 2015 (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The Roy Morgan value segmentation: As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), the market research done of Roy Morgan, provides a segmentation of the patterns of thinking and choices that drive people to make any purchasing decision in favour of a certain brand. The Roy Morgan lifestyle segmentation divides the potential customers into ten different lifestyle segments. These can be discussed as followed: Basic needs: This particular segment is associated to the communities and loves to be surrounded with their families and community people. This pattern of thinking is associated top the customers who are retired, pensioners and the receivers of the social security payments. A fairer deal: the Roy Morgan lifestyle segmentation has found that the segment of people who are unskilled, come from the spectre of unemployment, family pressure and life struggle. They are mostly cynical and posses a low level of satisfaction from life (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Traditional family life: This pattern of thinking can be found in the middle aged customer base, which possesses a stable family life and housing facilities. This particular segment seeks the meaning of life in spirituality and being well respected in the society (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Conventional family life: As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this particular segment lives mainly in the suburban localities. This particular thinking pattern is closely associated to the lifestyle where they put all their concentration over the betterment of the lives of their children and family. Look at me: This particular segment is associated to a lifestyle where people spend money is unnecessary consumptions. This group is mostly self-cantered and peer driven. They spend hours in watching commercial TV and indulging in unproductive hobbies (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Something better: this lifestyle can associate itself with the behaviour of competitiveness. This segment doesnt like spending on luxuries and generally has debts (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Real conservatism: the mature and mid-career people are associated with this particular lifestyle segmentation. As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this segment live their lives by following conservative idea and seeks security and control over their lives. Young optimism: the young professional, technocrats or students with a focus on achieving good career, overseas travel, a sense of outgoing lives can be associated with this lifestyle segmentation (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Visible achievement: this segment treats life as a journey and focuses climbing the social ladder. They opt for job satisfaction, high income, travel experience etc. (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Socially aware: The highest socio-economic group is associated with this particular lifestyle. They love to spend on the luxuries of life. This mind set can be found among the public servants, pressure groups, politicians, business analysts etc. as mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), the people associated to this particular lifestyle is not afraid of trying new things in life and tries to pursue others to accept their lifestyles. Importance of lifestyle segmentation: As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), identification of the lifestyle pattern of the target customers makes the marketers know more about the customers expectation and their sense of utility about the product. A product or service needs to address the requirements of the customers which are largely dependent on the value base, likeability of spending, perception about the satisfaction of life and many other psycho social behavioural patterns. Here, in the context of identifying the travelling behaviour and the preference of spending, the expectations will be diversified among ten different segments. As the basic needs segment is largely dependent on the social security assistance, belongs to the group of the senior citizens and likes to spend time with the family and friends, they shows a low incidence of holiday travel (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). On the other hand, the segment that has the lifestyle of young optimism differs fro this group in their travel behaviour. The customer segment of young optimism loves to enjoy the outgoing life. They are not afraid of trying new things and having excitement. Hence, as discussed by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this segment travels frequently and spends on adventure travels. In such a context, the companies related to this industry needs to share their services according to the different needs of this two different customer segment. Thus, the lifestyle segmentation helps corr ectly identifying the requirements of the customers. Selection of customer segment: Being a cruise ship company, the PO Cruises serves a premium travel experience. Hence, the company can select these two different customer groups: The socially aware: The people with this lifestyle belong to the highest income group. Concerning to their travel behaviour, among all the other value segments, the social aware has the highest frequency of travelling and they are like to spend big on the holidays (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). They enjoy travelling overseas destinations, spend on the luxurious accommodation and travel by high end air buses and cruise ships. Hence, being a premium travel service provider, PO Cruises can select this particular lifestyle segment. Young optimism: Like the socially aware segment of customers the young optimism group travels frequently. Being the individuals who love adventure and seeks satisfaction in gathering new knowledge and experience, this lifestyle segment is likely to travel overseas by using the commercial transport such as cruise ships, airlines, buses and trains. However, they differ from the previously selected segment as they travel with friend or in groups and like to obtain budget accommodation (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Now, depending on these two different segmentations, the company needs to make suitable changes in its marketing strategy. Application in marketing mix and positioning: As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the selected customer segmentation, the companies need to make differentiated marketing strategy. In this selected context, the two different customer segment lives two different lifestyles; hence, their preferences change accordingly. Here, the PO Cruises needs to make two different marketing strategies for each of them. The positioning strategy: As mentioned by Gammoh, Koh, Okoroafo (2015), the companies can choose from various options like attribute positioning, benefit positioning, application positioning, user positioning, competitor positioning and value positioning. As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the point of differentiation from the competitors the organizations create its position in the psyche of the customers. For the socially aware group: Here the company needs to opt for the attribute positioning by making aware of the contribution of the brand in the industry and highlighting its journey since 1837. This brand image will create a point of differentiation to the customers. For the young optimism group: Here, the company needs to opt for the value positioning strategy by promoting the services as the best quality in the low or reasonable pricing. The added facilities and the offerings of high quality service in low pricing will be the point of differentiation. The marketing mix: As discussed by Huang and Sarigll (2014), depending on the preferences, sense of utility, requirements and spending pattern of the customers the marketers need to concentrate on creating a pragmatic marketing mix. As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), the theory or model of marketing mix talks about the identification of the product or service features, pricing decisions, distribution channels and the promotional strategies to address the highest number of segmented customer group. Product: Since 1837 PO Cruises is serving fun cruise ship experience to the customers. It is the subsidiary of the largest and most popular cruise line in the world, i.e. Carnival Corporation plc. PO Cruises is the oldest cruise line in the world. It provides fleet service in the countries like Bermuda, Australia (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The ships of the PO Cruises provides accommodation, all main meals, entertainment, library, facilities like swimming pool, gym, sauna, steam rooms etc. Moreover, this cruise line maintains the strategy of being a destination rather than some particular port of call. Now, depending on the preferences of the Young optimism group, the cruise line needs to make some changes in its service offerings. Here, the company can opt for a providing the service of stopping by selected ports for supporting the preferences of this particular customer group of spending the vacation in cities where they can go for shopping, dine at restaurants, go to musical concerts and cinemas and take part in adventurous activities. The cruise line can also provide such facilities of adventure in their cruises such as scuba diving. Moreover, to accommodate this group, the company introduce multi bed rooms. On the other hand, for the the socially aware group, the company can opt for integrating services like spa, high end musical or theatrical performances, exotic dining service and many more. For addressing this particular segment, the company needs to focus on high quality around the clock service and luxurious accommodations. Moreover, they can also opt for serving customised services to this group in reference to foods or facilities. Price: As mentioned by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the service offerings and the customers willingness to pay for this service, the companies need to settle down for its pricing strategies. The socially aware group of customers belong to the highest income level. For addressing the preferences of this group, the company is going implement high end and customised services. Hence, it is important for the company to opt for a premium pricing policy. On the other hand, the young optimism group does not need customised or high end services. They want quality accommodation in reasonable budget. For the added facilities the company can charge extra to the borders but it needs to be attainable by the middle income group. Hence, for addressing the young optimism group, the company can opt for competitive pricing strategy. As the company is providing extra facilities in lower price it will attract this customer base more proactively. Place: As mentioned by Koh and Brunner (2015), selection of the appropriate place or the distribution channel is a prerequisite for the marketing mix model. Here, in the case of PO Cruises, the company needs to opt for the travel agents as the distribution channel for addressing the socially aware segment. Being the high end customer they tend to assign the travel arrangement responsibilities to such agents. Hence, approaching the travel agents will be the placing strategy. On the other hand, the young optimism group is more likely to search online. Hence, the company website and partnership with other travel agency websites for obtaining tickets will the most pragmatic distribution channel for PO Cruises. Promotion: For the socially aware segment: Here, the company can opt for the strategies like print advertisements in the business or high end travel magazines. Arranging PR events like marathon or social causes and inviting such people can also be an effective promotional strategy (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). Moreover, providing discounts to the travel agents will be a successful promotional strategy to collect this customer group. Young optimism group: On the other hand, for addressing this particular group, the company can opt for content advertisements in travel blogs, social media platforms etc. on the other hand; the option of loyalty card or seasonal discounts can also be some effective promotional strategies for addressing this customer group (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Conclusion: In conclusion it can be said that the traditional market segmentation pattern, the demographic status of the potential customers is being evaluated, in reference to the gender, age group, level of education and many more. The Roy Morgan value segmentation identified another dimension- depth of understanding- that essentially helps in identifying the motivations and reasons that encourages the buying decision of the customer in favour of a particular brand. For best selection of the customer group for PO Cruises, this theory can be essentially helpful. However, for addressing each of the segments, the company needs to follow different marketing strategies so that it can become the most relevant to the lifestyles of the customers. References: Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises. (2017). Pocruises.com. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://www.pocruises.com/ Gammoh, B. S., Koh, A. C., Okoroafo, S. C. (2015). Global Vs. Local Brand Positioning Strategies: the Moderating Effect Of Belief in Global Citizenship. In Proceedings of the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 314-314). Springer International Publishing. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer Naew York. Koh, A. C., Brunner, J. A. (2015). Consumer Perceptions Towards Products Made in the Peoples Republic of China: Implications for Marketing Strategy. In Proceedings of the 1988 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 122-126). Springer International Publishing. Lees, G., Winchester, M., De Silva, S. (2016). Demographic product segmentation in financial services products in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 21(3), 240-250. Roy Morgan.com (2017). Roy Morgan. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://www.roymorgan.com/